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Columbia University
Columbia University (officially Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City. It was established in 1754 as King's College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain and is the oldest institution of higher learning in New York State as well as one of the country's nine colonial colleges. After the revolutionary war, King's College briefly became a state entity, and was renamed Columbia College in 1784. A 1787 charter placed the institution under a private board of trustees before it was renamed Columbia University in 1896 when the campus was moved from Madison Avenue to its current location in Morningside Heights occupying land of .〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Residential Life )〕 Columbia is one of the fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities, and was the first school in the United States to grant the M.D. degree.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title= Member Institutions )〕
The university is organized into twenty schools, including Columbia College, the School of Engineering and Applied Science, and the School of General Studies. The university also has global research outposts in Amman, Beijing, Istanbul, Paris, Mumbai, Rio de Janeiro, Santiago, Asunción and Nairobi.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title= Columbia University Global Centers )〕 It has affiliations with several other institutions nearby, including Teachers College, Barnard College, and Union Theological Seminary, with joint undergraduate programs available through the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, Sciences Po Paris,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dual BA Program Between Columbia University and Sciences Po )〕 and the Juilliard School.〔(Columbia College Academics > Special Programs > Juilliard )〕
Columbia annually administers the Pulitzer Prize. Notable alumni and former students (including those from King's College) include five Founding Fathers of the United States; nine Justices of the United States Supreme Court; 20 living billionaires; 29 Academy Award winners; and 29 heads of state, including three United States Presidents. Additionally, to date, some 101 Nobel Prize laureates have been affiliated with Columbia as students, faculty, or staff.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Columbia University Nobel Laureates )〕
==History==
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